Heavy equipment is a tool used to simplify the work process so that it becomes faster, easier and the results are as expected. The use of heavy equipment must be absolutely correct and adapt to the conditions and situations in the field. Therefore, we must know before renting or using it. The following are the types and functions of heavy equipment that have been fabricated by manufacturing companies.

The grader comes from the word grade which means slope, which is a tool made specifically for the work of making the slope of the ground surface mechanically. This heavy equipment has the function of cutting, pushing and leveling the ground, especially at the finishing stage in order to obtain work results with evenness and Optimal precision in earthworks.

In addition, the grader is also used to make the slope of the ground or road body or slope, and is also often used to make small ditches. The blade on this motor grader can be adjusted according to the wishes of the operator, and its function can be changed to an angle dozer, bulldozer and tilting dozer. However, the variation that the grader has in blade position does not mean that the motor grader is of the dozer type. If used for earth moving work, the bulldozer is much more effective than the grader, this is due to the available power and also the location of the center of gravity on the bulldozer blade.

Understanding Heavy Equipment Motor Grader

A motor grader is a grader, and also commonly known as a blade machine, is an engineering conveyance with a large blade used to create a flat surface. Its distinctive feature is that it has a three-axle axis, with the cab and engine or motor positioned above the rear axle of the vehicle and with a knife blade in the middle.

The purpose of machine graders is used as a final process to precisely level hard or rough surfaces which are carried out by those machines which are designed as heavier equipment such as tractors and scrapers.

Motor graders are commonly used in the maintenance of highway and paved roads to prepare the base for creating a wide flat surface for asphalt as well as for other uses. Motor graders are also used to set the foundation of the field to finish the base before the construction of a building.

Motor grader parts

On heavy equipment, the motor grader has components that function to complete the work of the tool, and the following is an explanation of the components:

Blades

Blade is a component that functions as a cutter or leveler for soil or material to be leveled in grader work. Every grader’s main attachment is a blade.

The blade will determine the size of the work capacity that the grader can perform. The bigger the blade, the bigger the grader. A grader that has a larger capacity will be able to do grading of the land more broadly and more quickly. However, fine grading is not determined by the size of the blade but by the speed, ability of the operator and the condition of the equipment. Many blade graders can work sideways or vertically. It is when the blade is in this vertical position that the hill scraping work can be carried out by the grader.

Scarifier

The scarifier is an attachment component for a grader that has the same function as a ripper. Only the scarier position is placed in front of the blade and the ripper is placed behind the grader. The scarifier functions as a material sprayer in front of the blade. The purpose of this drilling is to make it easier for the blade to level the material.

Ripper

The ripper is a material expelling component that is placed on the back of the grader. Graders equipped with this component usually work in harsh soil conditions. Usually only one scarifer or ripper is attached to a grader. But if the grader is working on very hard ground the two components are paired in an effort to produce a good job.

In an effort to get a job position and know the grader’s load level, a work planer needs to know the load distribution. On the front it is called the blade base. Load as much as 30% is on the front. While 70% of the load is on the back. Meanwhile, when doing work (grading) the load distribution will be evenly distributed between the back and front. When producing the right grading of material thickness, the speed of the grader is a top priority, with this setting an appropriate load distribution will be produced. Appropriate load will result in appropriate (good) work.

Circle

Circle is a component that functions as a regulator and blade rotation according to the needs of a job. To move the blade, it is regulated by a hydraulic motor which is driven by hydraulic flow which is flowed through a lever in the operator’s cabin. In controlling the movement of the blade when doing leveling or finishing work, the circle plays an important role. When the motor circle is damaged, the blade will only face in one direction and this condition will result in imperfect performance

Moldboard

Moldboard is a component that functions as a blade shifter to the right or left according to the control of the operator through a hydraulic control mechanism in the operator’s cabin. The moldboard plays an important role in maintaining the blade’s stability while doing work. In an effort to maintain blade movement when leveling material, the moldboard is equipped with two double action single rod cylinders on the right and left sides.

Note the blandness above, on the moldboard there is also a single tilt cylinder which functions as a regulator for the blade to move up or down. Movement of the blade up or down will make the blade work proportionally in doing the job.

Cabin

The cabin is a motor grader component that functions as the operator’s seat and all motor grader work arrangements. In the development of heavy equipment technology, the cabin system has always been the focus of its development as an effort to create operator comfort.

Grader’s main function

A Motor Grader or commonly called a grader is heavy equipment that has 6 tire wheels with a working tool in the form of a wide blade (blade) whose main function is to level the road. Therefore motor graders are often used in road construction works.

In road construction projects, the motor grader becomes an important actor at the finishing stage. Where the motor grader is in charge of forming the surface of the road body like a horse’s back. This means that in the middle of the road it is 15 cm higher than the shoulder. This is intended so that rainwater can flow to the banks so that it does not stagnate in the middle of the road. However, motor graders can also handle other jobs besides shaping roads. For example, making drainage (ditch) on the side of the road.

When working on making this ditch, the blade on the side of the motor grader will be stuck in the canal area, then run in the direction of the road. Then the knife will leave marks in the form of drains or ditches. Not only that. Even motor graders are also often used to make the slope of the land on a roadside cliff or sloping. The results of the motor grader’s slope are better than the excavator’s work. The slope of the land will look neat and smooth and more in line with the desired slope size.

In golf course construction projects, motor graders have an important role to make long and wide slopes. Because the job of making a really neat slope by golf course standards can only be handled by a motor grader. While excavators and bulldozers only start the initial work, then the completion of the final stage or so-called “finishing point” is carried out by the motor grader so that the slope of the land becomes neater and more accurate.

When leveling a soccer field or a large area of land, for example making an airport, a motor grader doesn’t have to wait for the help of a bulldozer if he encounters a mound of hard, unlevelable ground. At the bottom is also equipped with a soil loosening tool shaped like a cart. Hard soil will be plowed first using
the fork so that it is loose, and then flattened.

How Motor Graders work?

As part of heavy equipment, the Motor Grader functions as a grader which is usually used to level and shape the soil surface. In addition, it is also used to mix and spread soil and asphalt mixture. In general, the operation of a Motor Grader is used for grading, shaping, bank shopping, scarifying, ditching, as well as mixing and spreading. (mixing and spreading the material in the field).

Motor grader work system leveling the road and even Motor Grader often forwards and backwards many times, with low power. The grader pushes to level the field using a sharp and large knife. When the grader advances, this knife will be lowered. And when the grader steps back to repeat the equalization, the knife is lifted and so on. The knife is placed between the hydraulic rotating and lifting parts.

Particularly in the construction of highways, besides being able to shape the road surface, Motor Graders can also form road shoulders as well as drainage channels along the roadside in a V shape or other forms. Besides that, it can also be used to mix materials and spread newly laid mounds of soil. Meanwhile, in the manufacture of runways, the Motor Grader can level the ground on a large scale. This alignment is not only on a level surface but on a non-level surface.

A type of internal combustion engine that uses a spark plug for the combustion process, designed to use gasoline or similar fuel. Gasoline engines differ from diesel engines in the method of mixing fuel with air, and gasoline engines always use a spark plug for the combustion process.

In a diesel engine, only air is compressed in the combustion chamber and the air is heated by itself, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke to mix with very hot air, when the combination of the amount of air, amount of fuel, and temperature under the right conditions, the air and fuel mixture will burn by itself.

In gasoline engines, air and fuel are generally mixed before entering the combustion chamber, a small number of modern gasoline engines apply direct fuel injection to the combustion chamber cylinders, including 2-stroke gasoline engines to obtain environmentally friendly exhaust emissions. Mixing of air and fuel is done by the carburetor or system injection, both have developed from manual systems to the addition of electronic sensors. The fuel injection system in the motor occurs outside the cylinder, the goal is to mix air and fuel as proportionally as possible.

Grader heavy equipment maintenance

Maintenance includes all activities that maintain facilities and equipment to work properly so that the system can do its work as desired. Maintenance can also be referred to as an asset management system that keeps equipment or machines in optimal working condition.

3 Treatment Goals

The treatment goals are as follows:

• To extend the life of the unit
• To ensure the safety of people using the equipment.
• To ensure operational readiness of all equipment.

Maintenance Types

Preventive Maintenance

Is maintenance that aims to prevent damage or planned maintenance methods for prevention (preventive). The scope of preventive work includes: Inspection, minor repairs, lubrication and adjustments, so that equipment or machinery during operation is protected from damage.

Corrective Treatment

Is maintenance carried out to repair and improve the condition of facilities or equipment so that it reaches an acceptable standard. In repairs, improvements can be made in such a way, such as making changes or modifications to the design so that the equipment becomes better.

Running Care

Where maintenance work is carried out when the facility or equipment is in working condition. Ongoing maintenance is applied to 13 pieces of equipment that must operate continuously in serving the production process.

Predictive Maintenance

This predictive maintenance is carried out to determine the occurrence of changes or abnormalities in the physical condition or function of the maintenance system. Usually predictive maintenance is carried out with the help of the five senses or sophisticated monitoring tools.

Maintenance after breakdown

Maintenance work is carried out after damage to the equipment occurs, and spare parts, materials, tools and labor must be prepared to repair it.

Emergency Maintenance

This is work that must be done immediately due to unexpected jams or damage.

The following is a daily inspection checklist for graders that you must have and carry out this inspection on the heavy equipment.

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